Basic First-Aid for Your Horse 

If you own horses long enough, sooner or later you are likely to confront a medical emergency. As a horse owner, you must know how to recognize serious problems and respond promptly, taking appropriate action. Avid horsemen swear by preparedness.
 
No matter how watchful you are the unexpected sometimes happens.  If an emergency does arise, you'll be in much better shape to help your horse if you've got a first-aid kit on hand.

You should always consult with your veterinarian regarding the specific needs of your horse. 

RECOGNIZING SIGNS OF DISTRESS

When a horse is cut or bleeding, it's obvious that there is a problem. But in cases of colic, illness, or a more subtle injury, it may not be as apparent. That's why it's important to know your horse's normal vital signs, including temperature, pulse and respiration (TPR), as well as its normal behavior patterns. You must be a good observer so that you readily recognize signs of ill health.
 
WHAT'S NORMAL?
There will be variations in individual temperature, pulse and respiration values. Take several baseline measurements when the horse is healthy, rested, and relaxed. Keep a record of them in your first aid kit, so you have them to compare to in case of an emergency. Normal ranges for adult horses are:

  • Pulse rate: 30 to 42 beats per minute.
  • Respiratory rate: 12 to 20 breaths per minute.
  • Rectal temperature: 99.5' to 101.5' F. If the horse's temperature exceeds 102.5' F., contact your veterinarian immediately. Temperatures of over 103' F indicate a serious disorder.
  • Capillary refill time (time it takes for color to return to gum tissue adjacent to teeth after pressing and releasing with your thumb): 2 seconds.
 
The sight of blood may unnerve you but maintaining your presence of mind can save your horse's life. The initial steps you take to treat a wound can prevent further damage and speed healing. How you proceed will depend on your individual circumstances, and you must exercise good judgment.
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Suggested items for a First-Aid Kit

Having all supplies in a container for quick portable access can make difference in an emergency. Be sure to have a parred down first-aid kit you can carry on the trail.

  • Antibacterial soap Betadine scrub to clean minor wounds.
  • Antibiotic ointment. After a wound is clean apply an antibiotic ointment to decrease the chance of infection.
  • Sterile gauze sponges and pads. Have a variety of sizes on hand for covering the minor cuts or wound.
  • Disposable diapers or sanitary napkins. These items are effective to stop bleeding.
  • Vet wrap. These will keep pads and bandages in place.
  • Quilted wraps. The wraps should be placed under bandages for added absorption.
  • Scissors and/or knife. These can be used for cutting during an emergency.
  • Tweezers. These can be used to remove splinters, thistles or other fragments that might be lodged in your horse's skin.
  • Ice bags or a chemical ice pack. These can be used to prevent or reduce swelling from blunt trauma, reduce bleeding or swelling at the edge of a fresh wound.
  • Thermometer. Keep this to take your horse's temperature.
  • Stethoscope. This will help you monitor your horse's heart, lungs gut sounds.
  • Syringe (for pressure-irrigating wounds)
  • 2 Electrolytes
  • Silver, horse-sized, Emergency Blanket - 52” x 84” {Same blankets recommended by the American Red Cross}.
  • Wire cutters
  • 1 roll of Duct Tape
  •  Rx emergency medicine such as – Banamine SMZ-TMP 960mg tablets (Tribrissen tablets) Acepromazine